Guidelines for the management of glucocorticoids during the peri-operative period for patients with adrenal insufficiency: Guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists, the Royal College of Physicians and the Society for Endocrinology UK.

{"article_title":"Guidelines for the management of glucocorticoids during the peri-operative period for patients with adrenal insufficiency: Guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists, the Royal College of Physicians and the Society for Endocrinology UK.","author":"Woodcock T, Barker P, Daniel S, Fletcher S, Wass JAH, Tomlinson JW, Misra U, Dattani M, Arlt W, Vercueil A","journal_title":"Anaesthesia","issn":"1365-2044","isbn":"","publication_date":"2020-05-01","volume":"75","issue":"5","first_page":"654","page_count":"","accession_number":"32017012","doi":"","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","doctype":"Guideline","subjects":"United Kingdom; Adrenal Insufficiency drug therapy; Glucocorticoids therapeutic use; Perioperative Care methods; Adrenal Insufficiency epidemiology; Adrenal Insufficiency physiopathology; Adult; Child; Glucocorticoids adverse effects; Glucocorticoids pharmacology; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Prevalence; Treatment Outcome; United Kingdom","interest_area":["Endocrinology"],"abstract":"These guidelines aim to ensure that patients with adrenal insufficiency are identified and adequately supplemented with glucocorticoids during the peri-operative period. There are two major categories of adrenal insufficiency. Primary adrenal insufficiency is due to diseases of the adrenal gland (failure of the hormone-producing gland), and secondary adrenal insufficiency is due to deficient adrenocorticotropin hormone secretion by the pituitary gland, or deficient corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion by the hypothalamus (failure of the regulatory centres). Patients taking physiological replacement doses of corticosteroids for either primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency are at significant risk of adrenal crisis and must be given stress doses of hydrocortisone during the peri-operative period. Many more patients other than those with adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary causes of adrenal failure are receiving glucocorticoids as treatment for other medical conditions. Daily doses of prednisolone of 5 mg or greater in adults and 10-15 mg.m -2 hydrocortisone equivalent or greater in children may result in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression if administered for 1 month or more by oral, inhaled, intranasal, intra-articular or topical routes; this chronic administration of glucocorticoids is the most common cause of secondary adrenal suppression, sometimes referred to as tertiary adrenal insufficiency. A pragmatic approach to adrenal replacement during major stress is required; considering the evidence available, blanket recommendations would not be appropriate, and it is essential for the clinician to remember that adrenal replacement dosing following surgical stress or illness is in addition to usual steroid treatment. Patients with previously undiagnosed adrenal insufficiency sometimes present for the first time following the stress of surgery. Anaesthetists must be familiar with the symptoms and signs of acute adrenal insufficiency so that inadequate supplementation or undiagnosed adrenal insufficiency can be detected and treated promptly. Delays may prove fatal. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Anaesthesia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Anaesthetists.","url":"https:\/\/search.ebscohost.com\/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdl&AN=32017012","isPdfLink":true,"isSAML":false,"an":"32017012","number_other":"","type_pub":"","issn_electronic":"1365-2044","languages":"English","language":"eng","date_entry":"","date_update":"","titleSource":"Anaesthesia [Anaesthesia] 2020 May; Vol. 75 (5), pp. 654-663. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Feb 03.","date_pub_cy":"","type_document":"","contract_publisher":"","authored_on":"2020-05-01","description":"These guidelines aim to ensure that patients with adrenal insufficiency are identified and adequately supplemented with glucocorticoids during the peri-operative period. There are two major categories of adrenal insufficiency. Primary adrenal insufficiency is due to diseases of the adrenal gland (failure of the hormone-producing gland), and secondary adrenal insufficiency is due to deficient adrenocorticotropin hormone secretion by the pituitary gland, or deficient corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion by the hypothalamus (failure of the regulatory centres). Patients taking physiological replacement doses of corticosteroids for either primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency are at significant risk of adrenal crisis and must be given stress doses of hydrocortisone during the peri-operative period. Many more patients other than those with adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary causes of adrenal failure are receiving glucocorticoids as treatment for other medical conditions. Daily doses of prednisolone of 5 mg or greater in adults and 10-15 mg.m <superscript>-2<\/superscript> hydrocortisone equivalent or greater in children may result in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression if administered for 1 month or more by oral, inhaled, intranasal, intra-articular or topical routes; this chronic administration of glucocorticoids is the most common cause of secondary adrenal suppression, sometimes referred to as tertiary adrenal insufficiency. A pragmatic approach to adrenal replacement during major stress is required; considering the evidence available, blanket recommendations would not be appropriate, and it is essential for the clinician to remember that adrenal replacement dosing following surgical stress or illness is in addition to usual steroid treatment. Patients with previously undiagnosed adrenal insufficiency sometimes present for the first time following the stress of surgery. Anaesthetists must be familiar with the symptoms and signs of acute adrenal insufficiency so that inadequate supplementation or undiagnosed adrenal insufficiency can be detected and treated promptly. Delays may prove fatal.<br \/> (© 2020 The Authors. Anaesthesia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Anaesthetists.)","upload_link":"https:\/\/search.ebscohost.com\/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=mdl&AN=32017012&authtype=shib&custid=ns346513&group=main&profile=eds","no_of_pages":"","authored_by":"Woodcock T, Barker P, Daniel S, Fletcher S, Wass JAH, Tomlinson JW, Misra U, Dattani M, Arlt W, Vercueil A","header":{"DbId":"mdl","DbLabel":"MEDLINE Ultimate","An":"32017012","RelevancyScore":"868","PubType":"Academic Journal","PubTypeId":"academicJournal","PreciseRelevancyScore":"868.465515136719"},"plink":"https:\/\/search.ebscohost.com\/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=mdl&AN=32017012&authtype=shib&custid=ns346513&group=main&profile=eds","physicalDescription":{"Pagination":{"StartPage":"654"}},"additionalInfo":{"Authored_By":"Woodcock T, Barker P, Daniel S, Fletcher S, Wass JAH, Tomlinson JW, Misra U, Dattani M, Arlt W, Vercueil A","Journal_Info":"Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0370524 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2044 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00032409 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Anaesthesia Subsets: MEDLINE","Publication_Type":"Guideline; Journal Article; Review","Published_Date":"2020-05-01","Source":"Anaesthesia [Anaesthesia] 2020 May; Vol. 75 (5), pp. 654-663. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Feb 03.","Languages":"English","Electronic_ISSN":"1365-2044","MeSH_Terms":"Adrenal Insufficiency\/*drug therapy , Glucocorticoids\/*therapeutic use , Perioperative Care\/*methods, Adrenal Insufficiency\/epidemiology ; Adrenal Insufficiency\/physiopathology ; Adult ; Child ; Glucocorticoids\/adverse effects ; Glucocorticoids\/pharmacology ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Treatment Outcome ; United Kingdom","Subjects":"Adrenal Insufficiency epidemiology, Adrenal Insufficiency physiopathology, Adult, Child, Glucocorticoids adverse effects, Glucocorticoids pharmacology, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Prevalence, Treatment Outcome, United Kingdom, Adrenal Insufficiency drug therapy, Glucocorticoids therapeutic use, Perioperative Care methods","Title_Abbreviations":"Anaesthesia","Volume":"75"}}